Difficulties of succession pipeline in large industrial enterprises of Nizhny Tagil in studies of tendencies of competitiveness of higher technical education

There have been significant changes in the higher education system in Russia recently. The possibility to apply for post-secondary education to several universities according to the results of the Unified State Examination (USE) and the transition to the two-level structure of higher education have significantly changed the landscape of competitiveness not only between individual universities, but also between large cities, which have become centers of mass attraction of applicants and young specialists. The number of students studying federally funded has been decreasing over the years. As a result, regional universities suffer a shortage of applicants, while local industrial enterprises suffer a shortage of young qualified personnel. The described problems are fully demonstrated in the system of higher education and training of young engineering personnel for large industrial enterprises in Nizhny Tagil. The article reviews the results of the study on the motivational field of academic migration of young people from the Nizhny Tagil city, conducted in February-March 2020. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Combined MASS-DIMM instrument for atmospheric turbulence studies

Several site-testing programs and observatories currently use combined MASS-DIMM instruments for monitoring parameters of optical turbulence. The instrument is described here. After a short recall of the measured quantities and operational principles, the optics and electronics of MASS-DIMM, interfacing to telescopes and detectors, and operation are covered in some detail. Particular attention is given to the correct measurement and control of instrumental parameters to ensure valid and well-calibrated data, to the data quality and filtering. Examples of MASS-DIMM data are given, followed by the list of present and future applications.Comment: Accepted by MNRAS, 11 pages, 8 figure

Can we avoid high coupling?

It is considered good software design practice to organize source code into modules and to favour within-module connections (cohesion) over between-module connections (coupling), leading to the oft-repeated maxim "low coupling/high cohesion". Prior research into network theory and its application to software systems has found evidence that many important properties in real software systems exhibit approximately scale-free structure, including coupling; researchers have claimed that such scale-free structures are ubiquitous. This implies that high coupling must be unavoidable, statistically speaking, apparently contradicting standard ideas about software structure. We present a model that leads to the simple predictions that approximately scale-free structures ought to arise both for between-module connectivity and overall connectivity, and not as the result of poor design or optimization shortcuts. These predictions are borne out by our large-scale empirical study. Hence we conclude that high coupling is not avoidable--and that this is in fact quite reasonable

Sindarin: A Versatile Scripting API for the Pharo Debugger

International audienceDebugging is one of the most important and time consuming activities in software maintenance, yet mainstream debuggers are not well-adapted to several debugging scenarios. This has led to the research of new techniques covering specific families of complex bugs. Notably, recent research proposes to empower developers with scripting DSLs, plugin-based and moldable debuggers. However, these solutions are tailored to specific use-cases, or too costly for one-time-use scenarios. In this paper we argue that exposing a debugging scripting interface in mainstream debuggers helps in solving many challenging debugging scenarios. For this purpose, we present Sindarin, a scripting API that eases the expression and automation of different strategies developers pursue during their debugging sessions. Sindarin provides a GDB-like API, augmented with AST-bytecode-source code mappings and object-centric capabilities. To demonstrate the versatility of Sindarin, we reproduce several advanced breakpoints and non-trivial debugging mechanisms from the literature

Features of Structural and Phase Transformations in Mo–Si–B and Сr–Al–Si–B Systems During Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis

This study is dedicated to investigation of the combustion mechanisms during the SHS of ceramic materials in multicomponent Mo–Si–B and Cr–Al–Si–B systems. It is concluded that the following processes are defined the SHS for Si-rich Mo–Si–B compositions: Si melting, its spreading over the surfaces of the solid Mo and B particles, followed by B dissolution in the melt, and formation of intermediate Mo3Si phase film. The subsequent diffusion of Si into Mo results in the formation of MoSi2 grains and MoB phase forms due to the diffusion of Mo into B-rich melt. The formation of MoB phase for B-rich compositions may occur via gas-phase mass transfer of MoO3 gaseous species to B particles and B2O2 to Mo particles. In Cr–Al–Si–B system firstly, the Al–Si eutectic mixture undergoes contact melting followed by formation of the reactionary surface as the eutectic melt spreads over the Cr and B particles surface. An increase in Al content increases the proportion of the Al–Si eutectic melt. The dissolution of Cr particles in this melt becomes the rate-limiting stage of the combustion process. The melt is saturated with these elements followed by crystallization of CrB and Cr(Si,Al)2 grains. In the Cr- and B-rich areas and low melt concentration, the formation of CrB may occur via gas-phase mass transfer of B2O2 gaseous species to Cr particles. Consecutive formation of chromium and molybdenum borides and silicides is established by means of dynamic X-ray diffraction analysis. Compact ceramic samples were produced using forced SHS pressing technique. Their structural investigations were conducted by XRD and SEM

First results of site testing program at Mt. Shatdzhatmaz in 2007 - 2009

We present the first results of the site testing performed at Mt.~Shatdzhatmaz at Northern Caucasus, where the new Sternberg astronomical institute 2.5-m telescope will be installed. An automatic site monitor instrumentation and functionality are described together with the methods of measurement of the basic astroclimate and weather parameters. The clear night sky time derived on the basis of 2006 -- 2009 data amounts to 1340 hours per year. Principle attention is given to the measurement of the optical turbulence altitude distribution which is the most important characteristic affecting optical telescopes performance. For the period from November 2007 to October 2009 more than 85\,000 turbulence profiles were collected using the combined MASS/DIMM instrument. The statistical properties of turbulent atmosphere above the summit are derived and the median values for seeing $\beta_0 = 0.93$~arcsec and free-atmosphere seeing $\beta_{free} = 0.51$~arcsec are determined. Together with the estimations of isoplanatic angle $\theta_0 = 2.07$~arcsec and time constant \tau_0 = 2.58 \mbox{ ms}, these are the first representative results obtained for Russian sites which are necessary for development of modern astronomical observation techniques like adaptive optics.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 17 pages, 15 figure